ABSTRACT
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive treatment that involves implanting electrodes into the brain to electrically stimulate specific brain regions, bringing new hope for the treatment of motor and psychiatric neurological diseases. This technology is closely related to human consciousness and has sparked heated debates on topics such as consciousness autonomy and personality integrity. Starting from the core principles of protecting patients, this paper explored the controversial issues of consciousness autonomy and medical autonomy principles in DBS practice, and discussed the ethical considerations in informed consent, patient inclusion, information collection, and cutting-edge scientific fields from the perspectives of patients, clinicians, and researchers.
ABSTRACT
Purpose:To explore the relationship between the expression of nm23mRNA,p16 and the oncogenesis,development and metastasis of lung cancer.Methods:Expressional level of nm23mRNA,p16 was detected in 72 human lung cancer samples and 23 normal tissues adjacent to cancer respectively,and their correlation with lymph node metastasis and the degree of cell differentiation was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods on tissue microarray.Results:The positive expression for nm23mRNA in cancer samples,in human tissues adjacent to cancer and in primary cancer with lymph node metastasis was 55.6%(40/72),82.6%(19/23),25.0%(6/24) respectively.The positive expression for p16 was 45.8%(33/72),73.9%(17/23),25.0%(6/24) respectively.The expression level of nm23mRNA and p16 were closely related to the degree of cell differentiation( P 0.05).Conclusions:These results suggest that nm23 gene and p16 gene are closely related to the degree of cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis of lung cancer.The lower expression level of nm23mRNA and p16 predicts the metastasis of lung cancer, and the two genes may be an index in monitoring the status and evaluating the prognosis of the lung cancer.